Acute Care Nursing Essay - 2095 Words

The aim of this assignment is to critically discuss the nursing assessment individualised care and nursing interventions of the acutely ill patient. The patient discussed developed severe sepsis due to a urinary tract infection and her condition deteriorated during the recovery process in the nurse’s care. Lovick (2009) defines sepsis ‘as a known or suspected infection accompanied by evidence of two or more of the SIRS criteria’. SIRS is outlined as a ‘systemic inflammatory response’ consisting of two or more of the following symptoms ‘temperature 38 degrees Celsius or 90 beats per minute, respiratory rates greater than 20 breaths per minute and white blood count higher than 12,000 cells per microliter or lower than 4000 cells per†¦show more content†¦The nurse found Mrs Smith to be tachypnoeic, her respirations were recorded as 24 breaths per minute it was observed as being fast and it appeared that her accessory muscles were being use d. Mrs Smith’s pallor also appeared flushed and her saturations were documented as 93%. The nurse used the stethoscope to check for wheeze the patient’s lungs were clear and chest rise was symmetrical. Mrs Smith was commenced on 100% oxygen through a non-rebreathe mask, oxygen as an intervention is necessary as Creed Spiers (2010) highlight ‘metabolic demand for oxygen throughout the body is hugely increased by sepsis and is essential to ensure the supply of oxygen is maximized’ .The nurse monitored the patient closely because in her confused state the patient may try to remove the oxygen mask. An evaluation of Mrs Smith circulation was the next step carried out by the nurse, as in the breathing assessment Mrs Smith pallor was noted as being flushed and the patient appeared confused this could be associated with poor cardiac output. The nurse recorded the patient’s blood pressure using a dinamap it was measured at 88/50, it was then rechecked manually to ensure accuracy. The pulse was checked manually for rate and rhythm it was recorded as 98 beats per minute. Capillary refill was checked, was found to be normal. The next step of the framework is disability. Mrs Smith’s conscious level was measuredShow MoreRelatedNursing Practice Of The Acute Care Arena1296 Words   |  6 PagesEvidence Summary With the majority of available evidence pointing towards care in other areas of the acute care arena, there remains sufficient data to support the practice of intentional rounding on a pre-determined schedule in emergency care settings. All of the examples given in the Evidence Critique support rounding as a means of increasing patient satisfaction. In the Lyons, et al., report from the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Journal it is reported that patient satisfaction is equatedRead MoreEvidence Based Practice Nursing For A Med Surge / Orthopedic Unit Of An Acute Health Care Setting824 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction According to Houser (2012), evidence Based Practice Nursing is the application of evidence based findings by nurses to steer the nurse toward integration of clinical expert opinion and experience with an unbiased comprehensive analysis of the best scientific evidence professional nursing care literature can provide while integrating patient principles and preferences. 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Classical Sociological Theory - 2015 Words

Name: Chow Ka Chun Simon; Ssid: 1155032615 Course Code: SOCI 3003 Classical Sociological Theories Professor : Chan Hoi Man Tutor : Joanne Luk Date : 12th November, 2014 Mid-term Exercise Topic: Discuss the meaning and significance of social fact. In your paper, discuss why the concept of your choice may be considered as important for understanding the works of the theorist concerned. In addition, you may also discuss the border significance of the concept in helping you to understand the nature of Modern Society and of Modern sociology. Background and introduction Social fact is the most important concept in mastering Durkheim’s theory because it is what Durkheim defined as the subject matter of sociology (Durkheim, 1972: 58).†¦show more content†¦Durkheim also suggested the use of statistics to investigate into social fact. Statistics can reflect social phenomena. They are the external index for individuals’ consciousness. Some criticisms claimed that such index does not represent social currents or phenomena because they are merely the aggregate of individual datum. However, Durkheim argued, â€Å" (statistics like marriage, birth rate,) each of these figures contains all the individual cases indiscriminately, the individual circumstances which may have had a share in the production of the phenomenon are neutralized, consequently, do not contribute to its determination. The average, then expresses a certain state of the group mind.† (Durkheim, 1964: 8) He argued that these social facts arises from social relationships and human association and exist at the level of society as a whole while individual cases are insignificant. The change in the rates (Durkheim calls it pathological) reflected changes in certain social currents or social relationships and it remained as a fact external and coercive to each person. In conclusion, social fact were both the way of functioning (like thinking, acting and feeling) and the way of being (the size of population, suicide rates etc). He successfully â€Å"extending scientific rationalism to human behavior† and differentiate sociology from other natural and socialShow MoreRelatedClassical And Contemporary Sociological Theories1898 Words   |  8 PagesAngelica Rhyman TUT0006 angelica.rhyman@mail.utronto.ca 1003965079 Applying Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theories Sexual harassment is a negative aspect that society would like to forget about. However, there has been a lot of talk about the Harvey Weinstein scandal and the sexual harassment allegations (Ravelli and Webber 2016). 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Durkheim made theRead MoreThe Development Of Classical Sociological Theory On The Enlightenment And The Emerging Conditions Of Industrial Civilization3033 Words   |  13 PagesModernity, as described for the use in classical sociological theory is regarded as â€Å"founded on responses to the Enlightenment and the emerging conditions of industrial civilization.   The founding figures of sociology developed theories that attempt to come to terms with emerging industrial conditions through scientific investigation, to criticize or interpret modern life, to reveal its intended and unintended conseque nces.† Classical theorists often defined the world they were living in, and whatRead MoreMarx, Weber And Durkheim s Views On The Social1385 Words   |  6 Pages94-100 in Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory, 2nd ed., edited by S. A. Appelrouth and L. D. Edles. Los Angeles, CA: Pine Forge Press/Sage Publications. Durkheim, Emile. 1895. â€Å"The Rules of Sociological Method.† Pp. 86-92 in Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory, 2nd ed., edited by S. A. Appelrouth and L. D. Edles. Los Angeles, CA: Pine Forge Press/Sage Publications. Durkheim, Emile. 1897. â€Å"Suicide: A Study in Sociology.† Pp. 103-113 in Classical and Contemporary Sociological TheoryRead MoreEssay about The Sociological Framework of Harriet Martineau1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sociological Framework of Harriet Martineau Over the past twenty years, sociology has gone through a process of self-evaluation, as field researchers and observers express a wariness about the empty universalism of speculative systems and look for ways in which to secure empirical foundations that give way to meaningful application in a pluralistic, postmodern world. The survival of sociology as a critical theoretical discipline is a concern expressed by many, such as contemporary social analystRead MoreSociological Imagination Summary1307 Words   |  6 PagesAns: In the book â€Å"The Sociological Imagination†, the author C. Wright Mills begins by describing the perilous situation of the American man during the 1950s. He describes they situation as one of internment and frailty. Mills sees men as restricted by the routines of their daily lives. They go to their jobs and become workers, they go home and are family men. The American men of the 1950s were in a state of powerlessness due to the effects of World War Two a nd the looming threat of nuclear warfareRead MoreDivision of Labor1397 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent ways division of labor can be defined, and recognizes that all major sociologists considered this topic to be fundamental in understanding modern society, and how it has came to be. (Borgatta Montgomery and Rhonda 2000). Some of these classical sociological thinkers expressed their own ideas of division of labor, such as Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Emile Durkheim. The ideas of these three great thinkers had some similarities, but also differed in many ways. Adam Smith felt division of labor wasRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1608 Words   |  7 Pagesthe three different criminological schools of thought: classical, positivist, and sociological. There are a number of concepts of crime including human nature, the society, social contract, the law, and punishment. The central concepts of the classical school of thought is that people are egotistical, rational, motivated by pain and pleasure, people choose their behaviour, and behaviour can be modified by fear of punishment. The classical theory focuses on crime and the law, deterrence, and makes

Relationship Dynamics In Hills Like White Elephant - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1940 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/29 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Hills Like White Elephants Essay Did you like this example? The Relationship Dynamics in Hills Like White Elephant Hills Like White Elephant is one of Ernest Hemingwayrs stories that utilizes his Iceberg theory style of writing. This story is set in Spain at a train station with a man, the American and a woman, Jig discussing an operation. The couple is at a crossroad in their lives when they must decide whether Jig must have an abortion or not in order to determine the fate of their relationship. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Relationship Dynamics In Hills Like White Elephant" essay for you Create order Hills Like White Elephant is set up as a dialogue between the two, in which the American is trying to convince Jig to abort the child, but she is hesitant in doing so. Throughout the story, Hemingway uses metaphors to express the characters feelings and decisions as well as highlighting the differences in the way a man and a woman view an abortion. As readers dig beneath the surface to understand what the couple is trying to decide on, the Iceberg theory method allows them to analyze what the relationship dynamics are between the American and Jig. Thus, resulting in two general conclusions which are Jig will either have the abortion in other to keep the relationship with the American or she will keep the child and find solace. Scholars such as Howard Hannum and Susanty Susanty argue from the point of view that based on the dynamics of the relationship between Jig and the American, Jigrs decision is to keep the unborn child. However, Nilofer Hashmi argues in his article, ?Hills Like White Elephants: The Jilting of Jig, that based on the Americanrs strong personality and conceit it would be difficult to infer that he gave into Jigrs wish to keep the child. Considering textual evidence and the use of dialogue in the story, the overwhelming feeling that Jig experiences in the relationship is portrayed throughout her sarcastic comments in reply to the American. Therefore, the dynamic of the relationship suggests that Jig will terminate the relationship and keep the unborn child in order to find solace. At the beginning of the story as the couple waits at the train station, the story directs the focus towards the dynamic of the relationship. The following quote highlights the difference in views they both have towards the abortion: On this side there was no shade and no trees and the station was between two lines of rails in the sun. Close against the side of the station there was the warm shadow of the building and a curtain, made of strings of bamboo beads, hung across the open door into the bar, to keep out flies. (181) In the above quote, the station is symbolic of the unborn child, the side between the rails that has no shade and no trees represents the Americanrs view on abortion, while the side closest to the station with the warm shadow of the building represents Jigrs view on the abortion. The setting Hemingway uses at the train station supports the point of view that the relationship between the American man and the girl is at a crossroad. The location of the station, which is symbolic to the unborn is planted in the center of a barren hill. This positioning of the station shows that the unborn is an obstacle in their relationship and that they must decide on what the outcome is going to be. However, the station isnt the final stop but more so a checkpoint between Barcelona and Madrid where the two must come up with a solution to their problem. The position of the side closest to the station is fertile and creates an imagery of the warmth of a motherrs love as well as her duty to protect her child. Whereas, the side that represents the Americanrs view is infertile and shows no means of protection (shade). This use of imagery and symbolism supports the claim that Jig is drawn closer to keeping the child and this is traced all the way to the end of the story. The foundation of their relationship is based on sexual pleasures and alcohol which proves that the dynamics of the relationship is not guided by ?true love but by sexual feelings. In Hannumrs article, ?Jig Jig to Dirty Ears: White Elephants to Let., he argues that the American does not value the relationship both him and Jig has; as he would not force her to have the abortion. The American says, Itrs really an awfully simple operation, Jig. Itrs not really an operation at all. He continues by saying thatrs the only thing that bother us. Itrs the only thing thatrs made us unhappy. Hannum states, at any rate, Jig expresses all too well what the girl had meant to the American: when she revealed her pregnancy to him, she instantly became a white elephant (a once-prized possession that had lost its former value) in his eyes, but the term recurs and acquires symbolic complexity as the story develops (Hannum 46). Similarly, Jig is also displeased with the Americanrs narrow mindedness and expresses this in the following exchange as she looks at the hills in the distance. They look like white elephants, she said. The American responds Ive never seen one after which he drinks more beer. Jig then responds, no, you wouldnt have (182). At this instance the American gets defensive, but Jig ignores him which shows her transition leading up to her decision to keep the unborn and disregard the Americanrs views. The previous exchange is important in proving that from the very beginning of the story Jig is not moved by what he says or does and thus she will keep the child. Jig is not surprised that he has never seen a white elephant; something that is unwanted especially if it becomes expensive to care for. The Americanrs response justifies that he never deals with things that he does not want. Therefore, he closes his mind to anything he is not interested in. Jig recognizes this then switches the subject of the conversation when she looks at the bead curtain and ask him what the painting says (182). The pleasure aspect of the relationship is depicted when Jig mentions and questions the substance of the relationship, I wanted to try this new drink. Thatrs all we do, isnt it look at things and try new drinks? The American responds I guess so (183). The Americanrs response proves that he has no value for the relationship because he did not provide an assurance that he truly loves her and understands how much keeping the baby would mean to her. Also, the fact that he described the abortion process as a awfully simple operation suggests that he has not looked beyond the operation itself and exaggerates it to be an easy procedure. However, if the term is viewed by its literal meaning it means that an abortion is dreadful, but the procedure can be simple. In this case, he did not take into consideration the after effects the abortion would have on Jig if she follows through. In Hills Like White Elephant the American did not base his views on the greater good for him and Jig but on his egotistic view. In Susantyrs article, The Meaning of Relationship in Hemingwayrs ?Hills Like White Elephant., it indicates that the story was written during a period of patriarchal dominance and that the men are said to be egocentric. Susanty also suggests that the men had no understanding of a meaningful relationship and that relationships should not be based on one personrs insensitive view but to rather compromise for the greater good for both. Similarly, in Hills Like White Elephant the American did not whole heartedly take Jigrs view on the abortion seriously. His way of manipulating her through a form of guilt tripping is depicted throughout the following dialogue: If you dont want to you dont have to. I wouldnt have you do it if you didnt want to. But I know itrs perfectly simple. And you really want to? I think itrs the best thing to do. But I dont want you to do it if you dont really want to. And if I do it youll be happy and thing will be like they were and youll love me? I love you now. You know I love you. I know. But if I do it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like white elephants, and youll like it? (183) The American was more worried about her keeping the child and not her concerns on the after effects she would experience if she does the abortion. The constant back and forth in the dialogue between the two is used as a tactic in guilt tripping Jig to make it seem as if she was overreacting. It is important to reiterate that the American, in fact, was not ready to have a child. Due to the one-sided dominance, the relationship is broken between the two. Jig asked, Doesnt it mean anything to you? We could get along. The American says to her, of course it does, but I dont want anybody but you, I dont want anyone else and I know itrs perfectly simple (185). Once again, the American trying to persuade Jig on how easy the operation is and that his expectations on the outcome of the relationship was not to have a child but just to have her. She tries to shut him up by asking would you please please please please please please stop talking? Also, she mentions Ill scream (185). Both her disgusted attitude towards the American as previously suggested and her efforts to keep him from talking at this point in the story suggest that she is ready to move beyond the checkpoint and make her own decisions. Jigrs choice to keep the child is clearly depicted by the following excerpt, the girl smiled brightly at the woman, to thank her. Also, Jig smiles when the American says to her, Id better take the bags over to the other side of the station (185). The fact that the American took the bags to the ?other side and Jig smiled simply proves that the side they are going to is the one that she is happy with. Coming back, he walked through the barroom, where people waiting for the train were drinking. He drank an Anis at the bar and looked at the people. They were all waiting reasonably for the train. He went out through the bead curtain. She was sitting at the table and smiled at him. (185) Throughout the story, this is the first time Jig smiles and seem happy. She was not content when he was trying his best to persuade her into getting an abortion. Therefore, it evident that her happiness at this point in the story is the result of being left alone for a few minutes so that she could decide what she wants to do without being interrupted. Lastly, Jig used the dialogue throughout the story as an opportunity to insert irony in the form of sarcasm, in order to find out the Americanrs true feelings towards her. Her findings on his egotistic views and inconsideration on the abortion helps her to make her decision. The story ends with the following, I feel fine, she said. Therers nothing wrong with me. I feel fine (186). Jigrs quote justifies that she has made up her mind to keep the child. She also disregards the Americanrs view of her as a ?white elephant if she follows through with keeping the child. Thus, Jig keeps the child as a form of solace for the broken relationship she experienced with the American.

Odyssey Historical Background - 6500 Words

The Odyssey ~ Background Information * The novel covers a 10 year period. * The novel was written approximately in 720 B.C. * The novel takes place in 1230 B.C. ~ during the Bronze age. * The Iliad (written first) and The Odyssey are based on historical events that took place about 1230 B.C. * Both novels are considered epic poems * The Odyssey is defined as a journey. This is the story of Odysseus’ journey back home after the Trojan War. From The Odyssey, Homer chose the story of Odysseus’ return from Troy ~ a fascinating series of ordeals and triumphs from which Odysseus emerges as the ideal blend of brain and brawn (brawn ~ definition?) probably required for survival in a heroic age. Here, Homer emphasizes not†¦show more content†¦For other uses, see Odyssey (disambiguation). The Odyssey (Greek: á ½Ë†ÃŽ ´Ã ÃÆ'ÏÆ'ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ±, Odysseia) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is, in part, a sequel to the Iliad, the other work ascribed to Homer. The poem is fundamental to the modern Western canon, and is the second oldest extant work of Western literature, the Iliad being the first. It is believed to have been composed near the end of the 8th century BC, somewhere in Ionia, the Greek coastal region of Anatolia.[1] The poem mainly centers on the Greek hero Odysseus (or Ulysses, as he was known in Roman myths) and his journey home after the fall of Troy. It takes Odysseus ten years to reach Ithaca after the ten-year Trojan War.[2]In his absence, it is assumed he has died, and his wife Penelope and sonTelemachus must deal with a group of unruly suitors, the Mnesteres(Greek: ÃŽÅ"ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ·ÃÆ'Ï„á ¿â€ Ã ÃŽ µÃâ€š) or Proci, who compete for Penelope s hand in marriage. It continues to be read in the Hom eric Greek and translated into modern languages around the world. Many scholars believe that the original poem was composed in an oral tradition by an aoidos (epic poet/singer), perhaps a rhapsode (professional performer), and was more likely intended to be heard than read.[1] The details of the ancient oral performance, and the story s conversion to a written work inspireShow MoreRelated Comparison of Odyssey, Divine Comedy, and Paradise Lost Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison of Odyssey, Divine Comedy, and Paradise Lost      Ã‚   Epics by definition are long narrative poems, that are grand in both theme and style (Webster 417).   They usually involve actions of great glory and are typically centered around historical or legendary events of universal significance.   Most epics deal with the deeds of a single individual, however, it is not uncommon to have more than one main character.   Epics embody several main features including: supernaturalRead MoreThe Aeneid and The Odyssey1324 Words   |  6 PagesThe Odyssey and Virgils The Aeneid? There are many similarities that could be examined indepth. The lovers encountered in both plays can lead to the idea of ancient plagarism. The games held by the greeks and trojans are similar to the Olympic Games. The downfall of characters, cities or monsters can be seen often in many stories. Maybe rewriting history is the effort of a plagarist to cheat true historical events. The lovers Aeneas and Odysseus encounter in either the Aeneid or Odyssey is vastRead MoreEssay about David Katan’s Translating Cultures1038 Words   |  5 Pagestoday there are many translations of ancient works and books, such as the Odyssey; and so, there is a wide range for people to choose from. This choice must be taken with the most care because some may be exceptionally good at communicating the essence of the original text while others may not have been done with precision or been well translated, or then do not recreate the effect of the originals. Amongst the most famous Odyssey translations, stand two particular works: those by Fagles and R. FitzgeraldRead MoreGreek Mythologies: Gods and Mortals in Greek Literature1714 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Greek society; however, the role of the divinities in human affairs is particularly accentuated in most, if not all, Greek mythologies. Nevertheless, each author displays the role of divinities and supernatural diffe rently, as Homer in The Odyssey and The Iliad displays direct interaction between the supernatural divinities and the mortals. On the other hand, Sophocles’ Antigone lessens such interactions and emphasizes the human role, while Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War completelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer1095 Words   |  5 Pagesused in Homer’s Odyssey is the digression. The digression is departure from the main storyline that does not alter the action of the story, but adds a layer of sentimental content to the plot which usually helps underscore themes central to the story. The digressions in the Odyssey are meticulously written with great attention to detail just like the rest of the epic, and they truly help readers grasp the important aspects of the story. The liberal use of digression in the Odyssey helps build a vividRead MoreIs Google Making Us Stupid? Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pagesauthor’s approach, the reader must unde rstand the author’s background. What authority do they have to write about this subject? In this case, I’ll deliver my own knowledge of his background. Carr is a scholar writer who has written for the Harvard Business Review, various essays covering tech influential topics, as well as a few books that have received rather high reviews from critics. While Carr never directly referenced his background within this article, there is a small assumption to be madeRead More Aeneid and Odyssey - A Comparison between Aeneas, Achilles and Odysseus1031 Words   |  5 PagesAeneid and Odyssey - A Comparison between Aeneas, Achilles and Odysseus      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A comparison between Virgils hero, Aeneas, and the Homeric heroes, Achilles and Odysseus, brings up the question concerning the relevance of the difference between the Homeric heroes and Aeneas. The differences in the poets concerns are explained by the fact that Virgil lived many years after Homer, giving Virgil the advantage of a more developed literary and philosophical society than Homer had at his disposalRead MoreCoen And Hosseinis O Brother, Where Art Thou And The Kite Runner1500 Words   |  6 Pagesand film techniques. Coen and Hosseini condemn the tangible racial and ethnic intolerance through characterisation, parody and mise-en-scà ¨ne. Allusion, imagery and humour explore both the comfort and danger of religion while symbolism, humour and historical references expose the deceit and failure of politicians. Coen and Hosseini, through literary and film techniques, subvert racial stereotypes and highlight the injustice of racial and ethnic discrimination. Hosseini’s juxtaposition of the PashtunsRead MoreThe Role of the Gods in Homers Odyssey Essay1936 Words   |  8 PagesThe Role of the Gods in The Odyssey In the ancient world, the gods of the Greeks had been predominately confined to cosmological deeds prior to the works of Homer. As Hesiod laid out the roles of the gods in his Theogony and the Works and Days, it is apparent that though the gods were active in the creation of the cosmos, natural phenomenon, and cyclical events such as seasons, they were not however, functioning in any historical way(Bloom 36). This strictly cosmological view of the godsRead MoreUlysses Embroidered : Re Envisioning And Un Envisioning Myth1382 Words   |  6 PagesUlysses Embroidered: Re-Envisioning and Un-Envisioning Myth After centuries of serving as background noise to her husband Ulysses’ odes of sea storms, sirens, and celebrity, the mythological Penelope finally steps into the light in Miriam Waddington’s poem â€Å"Ulysses Embroidered† (1992). Functioning as a revisionary text to both the Alfred, Lord Tennyson work â€Å"Ulysses† (1833) and The Odyssey itself, â€Å"Ulysses Embroidered† quickly strikes its readers as a fiercely feminist re-envisioning of Penelope

African Americans in Prison and the Jim Crow Laws Essay

The United States has the biggest prison and jail population in the world not only by population, but also by sheer numbers. Many of these offenders are behind bars for nonviolent drug crimes and statistically more of those non-violent offenders are African American. African Americans are 13% of the United States Population but make up over 40% of the current jail and prison population. A black man is five times more likely to be convicted of a crime than a white man in the United States. How far have we really come sinse the Jim Crow laws? During the Jim Crow Era African-Americans in some states were treated as second-class citizens in every aspect of life from how they interact with White Americans to not having the right to vote. Many†¦show more content†¦Being a Criminal Justice major myself I am always looking expanded my horizon on current issues in Criminal Justice, so I decided to change my research question to reflect a more focused interest. Pilgrim (2012) was used as background information for Jim Crow laws, this article was a clear breakdown of the laws and how they were used to keep African-Americans lower than White-Americans. Keeping African-Americans lower in class is how Alexander (2010) linked the current Criminal Justice system to these laws. Forman (2010) believed that these links were of a stretch because African-Americans during the Jim Crow era did not make a choice to be African American, but criminals made the decision to commit the crime. Contrary to every other citation I have Cited, the main topic in Pilgrim (2012) is not the Criminal Justice system. It is only mentioned briefly in regards to many Jim Crow laws being settled by lynch mobs instead of police and that many police participated in these mobs. Schrantz, McElroy and Nellis (2008), Weich and Angulo (2006) and Hartney and Vuong (2009) all are very similar in topic. They all discuss the racial disparity in the modern day criminal Justice system.Show MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1313 Words   |  6 Pages The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness examine the Jim Crow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws where used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to the civilRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1316 Words   |  6 Pages The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness examine the Jim Crow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws were used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to theRead MoreIs The Mass Incarceration Of Blacks The New Jim Crow?1540 Words   |  7 PagesIncarceration of Blacks the new Jim Crow? American has a legacy of the mistreatment and disenfranchisement of African Americans. The same bad treatment that many think only took place in the past is in fact still intact, it’s just presented in a new way. The mass incarceration of blacks in the Unites States can be attributed to the â€Å"racial hierarchy† that has always existed. The U.S contributes to about 5% of the worlds overall population, and about 25% of the worlds prison population (Holland 1), â€Å"ifRead MoreThe New Jim Crow?919 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States would agree that the prison system in the U.S. needs to be amended, do they see the prison system as a way to enforce the racial caste system? At first Michelle Alexander, the author of The New Jim Crow, did not see the prison systems as racially motivated until doing further research. After researching the issue, Alexander found the prison system was a way to oppress African Americans and wrote the novel The New Jim Crow. The New Ji m Crow follows the history of the racial casteRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1081 Words   |  5 Pages Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness outlines how the criminal justice system has systematically designed new methods of discriminating against African Americans. The book advocates for racial justice, specifically, for African Americans and contends they [African Americans] were targeted and subsequently incarcerated, by white voters and public officials, through the War on Drugs campaign. President Reagan and his Administration exploited racialRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Law1014 Words   |  5 Pagesa net of laws, policies, and rules that equates to the American criminal justice system. This series of principles of our legal system works as an entrance to a lifelong position of lower status, with no hope of advancement. Mass incarceration follows those who are released from prison through exclusion and leg alized discrimination, hidden within America. The New Jim Crow is a modernized version of the original Jim Crow Laws. It is a modern racial caste system designed to keep American black menRead More The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass incarceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book â€Å"The New Jim Crow†, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve toRead More Employment Discrimination Against Black Felons: The New Jim Crow Era1242 Words   |  5 Pagesand offenders that are out of prison in a similar manner to how pe ople were treated in the Jim Crow era. One example of the new Jim Crow Era is Sonya Jennings. Sonya is a felon as well as an African American mother. She was given an eight years probation after being arrested for possession of narcotics. Since Sonya is now tagged as a felon, she does not have the right to vote, she cannot receive public welfare, and she faces job discrimination (Alexander). The Jim Crow system has been planned in AmericaRead MoreThe Middle Age African American Man1285 Words   |  6 Pages- a middle-age African-American man is not eligible to vote. This man’s father, grandfather, great-grandfather, and great-great grandfather shared the same misfortune during their lifetime. The original patriarch could not vote as a slave, his son was beaten by the Ku Klux Klan for trying to vote, the grandson was intimidated by the Ku Klux Klan for trying to vote, and the great-grandson was prohibited from voting by poll taxes and literacy tests. The middle-age Africa n-American man cannot voteRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Laws1667 Words   |  7 PagesIn the book the New Jim Crow Laws there is racial discrimination on the African American people in the American society. What is racial discrimination? It is refusing somebody based on race. In the United States we have been racial discriminate on the African American people and that is what cause the south and north to go civil wat was because slavery and racism that existed and even still to this day. In the south the black were less and treated unequal to them historically even today were are

Effect On Black-White Wage Differences In Quantity - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Effect On Black-White Wage Differences In Quantity. Answer: Introduction: Education in the largest sense is a curriculum of experience that has significant impact on the mind, character and physical activity of any human being. Education is the method by which society gets communication of collected knowledge, skill and values from one generation to another (Maxwell 1994). Education plays a key role to prepare individuals to step into labour forces as well as maintaining them with the skills to appoint in lifelong learning experiences. Educational attainment usually raises ones income and life styles as well (Martins and Pereira 2004). After finishing formal education, young people should be able to build a successful transition from school to work with the achieved skills and knowledge consequently. Wage variability has to do with the changeability in wages that accumulate to different jobs and various groups of labour in the labour market. The constancy of educational career establish whether wages for this occupation are going to be low or high and will therefore be a source of wage variability. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to estimate the statistically significant relationship between years of education and amount of daily wages. We would like to find out what amount of daily wages is predicted with the help of years of education. Background: Economists are keen to find the relationship between years of education and amount of daily wages. in brief, wages are rampant features in almost all markets especially of capitalist economies (Budra and Moro-Egido 2008). In current days, economists have distinguished variability of wage and trying to explain them. Their pragmatic studies show the evidence that education plays an important role to determine wages and therefore a cause of wage variability. The two factors have cause-effect association in accordance to pre-assigned assumption. In this research report, we are highlighting to validate the link between these two variables with collected 100 samples. We are looking to verify and equalize the evident outcomes. Method: The data file contains 100 observations for each of the variables that are wage and educ. Both the variables are numeric in nature. Wage indicates earnings per hour and Educ. refers years of education. The data is analysed with the help of MS Excel. The Analysis toolpack is installed from analysis toolpack option. We utilised the data analysis tool and incorporated summary statistics as well as linear regression equation with the help of given data sets. Results: Summary Statistics: Descriptive Statistics wage educ Mean 22.3081 Mean 13.76 Standard Error 1.4021437 Standard Error 0.272704 Median 19.39 Median 13 Mode 38.45 Mode 12 Standard Deviation 14.021437 Standard Deviation 2.727044 Sample Variance 196.60071 Sample Variance 7.436768 Kurtosis 2.6065006 Kurtosis 1.317333 Skewness 1.4858281 Skewness 0.440879 Range 72.06 Range 15 Minimum 4.33 Minimum 6 Maximum 76.39 Maximum 21 Sum 2230.81 Sum 1376 Count 100 Count 100 (Oja 1983) The summary statistics of wage indicates that average and standard deviation of wage is 22.3081 and 14.021437. The amount of wage has lowest value 4.33 and highest value 76.39. The range of wage is 72.06. The summary statistics of education indicates that average and standard deviation of years of education is 13.76 and 2.727044. The years of education has lowest value 6 and maximum value 21. The range of years of education is 15. Scatter plot: This is a scatter plot of education vs. wages. Here, years of education are an independent variable and wage is a dependent variable. The years of education are plotted in the x-axis and wage is plotted in the y-axis. The trend line is fitted in the scatter plot. The scatter diagram refers that the two variables are uncorrelated (Neter et al. 1996). The plotted data are not also well concentrated. Linear Regression Model: The linear regression model determines the linear relationship between two or more variables. One variable must be dependent that is known as response variable and predictor or independent variables are one or more than one in number. Independent variables explain the dependent variable. That is why these are also known as explanatory variables. The linear regression model is Y = a + b*X Here, Y = dependent/ response variable X = independent/ predictor variable a = intercept of the regression model b = slope of the regression model / coefficient of the predictor (Zou, Tuncali and Silverman 2003). SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.413051559 R Square 0.17061159 Adjusted R Square 0.162148443 Standard Error 12.83441505 Observations 100 ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1 3320.693589 3320.6936 20.15936 1.94674E-05 Residual 98 16142.77655 164.72221 Total 99 19463.47014 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Intercept -6.914787841 6.633894418 -1.0423422 0.299818 -20.07953508 6.249959394 educ 2.123756384 0.473005701 4.4899171 1.95E-05 1.185091988 3.06242078 The predicted intercept of the model is (a = -6.914787841). It explains that if the years of education were 0, then the daily wage would be (-6.914787841) (Montgomery, Peck and Vining 2012). The predicted slope of the model is (b = 2.123756384). It means if the education level enhance or reduce by 1 year, the amount of daily wage is increased or decreased by 2.123756384 units. The pedicted linear regression model is- Wage = (-6.914787841) + 2.123756384*educ. The Multiple R (Correlation Coefficient) of the model is calculated as 0.413051559. It refers a moderately positive correlation between these two variables. The value of multiple R-square is 0.17061159. Multiple R-square is also known the coefficient of variation. Years of education can explain only 17.06% variability of amount of daily wage. The linear association is weak and insignificant. The value of multiple R-square (17.06%) indicates that the fitting of the linear regression model is not good. The F-statistic is 20.15936 with significant p-value 1.94674E-05 (0.0). The p-value is less than 0.05 when chosen level of significance is 0.05. Therefoere, we reject the null hypothesis of statistically significant linear relationship between the dependent variable (wage) and independent variable (education) with 95% probability. We can conclude that there is no significant effect of years of education on the amount of daily wage. Estimation education wage 12 18.5703 14 22.8178 Difference 4.2475 For the years of education 12, the amount of daily wage is predicted as 18.5703. For the years of educational 14, the estimated daily wage is 22.8178. The difference of daily wage is 4.2475 units for the difference of two years of educations. Discussion: In this research report, the outcome mismatches with results of data analysis incorporated by previous economists. The strength of the research is that the gathered data is preliminarily surveyed and valid. The limitation of the data analysis of the research is that the size of the surveyed data is not large. Therefore, the result significantly has fluctuated from the previous outcomes. The process of data collection and sampling are similar to other studies. However, the selected target population may have lots of homogeneity. The outcome is not consistent compared to the other studies. The findings do not have clear policy implications. It is just based on primarily collected data. Our executed analysis definitely have bias. Recommendations: We should recommend the data collector to gather more data for representing the true scenario of relationship between two variables that are years of education and daily wages. The large sample would certainly provide better result. References: Budra, S. and Moro-Egido, A.I., 2008. Education, educational mismatch, and wage inequality: Evidence for Spain.Economics of Education Review,27(3), pp.332-341. Martins, P.S. and Pereira, P.T., 2004. Does education reduce wage inequality? Quantile regression evidence from 16 countries.Labour economics,11(3), pp.355-371. Maxwell, N.L., 1994. The effect on black-white wage differences of differences in the quantity and quality of education.ILR Review,47(2), pp.249-264. Montgomery, D.C., Peck, E.A. and Vining, G.G., 2012.Introduction to linear regression analysis(Vol. 821). John Wiley Sons. Neter, J., Kutner, M.H., Nachtsheim, C.J. and Wasserman, W., 1996.Applied linear statistical models(Vol. 4, p. 318). Chicago: Irwin. Oja, H., 1983. Descriptive statistics for multivariate distributions.Statistics Probability Letters,1(6), pp.327-332. Zou, K.H., Tuncali, K. and Silverman, S.G., 2003. Correlation and simple linear regression.Radiology,227(3), pp.617-628.

Practical Employment Law In Australia Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Practical Employment Law In Australia. Answer: In Australian, theEmployment Law comprises a Unique combination of many laws includes local law, the common wealthlaw and common laws which are deprived from UK as updated and modified in the court of Australia. The relationship between the employee and employer is also governed by this complex legislative and regulatory structure which contains Acts, Rules and industrial devices for example agreements of enterprises and modern awards. A number of important modifications have been made over the last twenty centuries in regulatory framework of center and state hence The Australian employment law developed a unique structure which is totally different from other countries (International Comparative Legal Guides. 2017). Generally, in Australia under employment law employer at time of making contract of employment impose some obligations upon their employee by entering the limitation clause in such contract. These clauses limit the present and ex-employees from taking any action which ma y be damage the goodwill of the employers business (Chamberlains. 2016). Generally, all the boundation imposed on the employees actions through agreement of the employment is considered as post a termination restrictive covenant. These restrictive covenants limit the capacity of an employee to create his own idea of business which is in restrictive territory or may limit the employee not communicate with the former employers possible clients, and employees (Osborn Law 2015). Such restrictive clauses will be applied on the employee during the time of employment or at the time when service comes to an end. There is also theory known as deontology as per this theory every person should comply their duty else such person can be penalized Thus, the employee may be bound by several clauses included in their contract of employment which may comprises many expressed and implied responsibilities and duties The implied duty of the employee is related to loyalty which is known as duty of good faith in which employee requires to do action in a good faith if an employee takes an action which is against the interest of his employers business such conduct will be considered as breach of duty. On the other hand expressed duties mentioned in the contract of the employment may limit the employee to establish his own business that is in direct competition with employers business at the time of service or at the time of termination. There is so theory known Ethical Egoism as per this theory if any employee is taken action which is in favor of businesss interest then it will be considered as ethical. It may be observed that in the Australia the employers impose restrictive clause on their employees for the security of their businesss good will at the time when service comes to an end. Imposing limitation on the employee for the business benefit will considered ethical. Further It can be said that it will be the duty of an employer to determine that they have adequate protection in order to protect their private details, intellectual property rights and avoid such leaving employee who might cause crucial loss to the employer s business. The situation when loss arises where an employee through the private essential details establishes the business that too direct in the competition with the employers business and compel the employers client to do deal with them. For the protection from such damages a contract related restraint of trade must be made by employer at the time of employment in the employees contract International (Comparative Legal Guides 2017). But on the other hand generally the clause in the contract related to restraint of trade considered as void and unenforceable in the eye of law unless the employer proves that such restriction is reasonable and necessary in order to protect the interest of their company. The employer has no right to use this limitation to protect their business from process of fair competition in a market and also the obligation to show the necessity and reasonability of such restriction will be on employer. Necessity and reasonability that is usually determined as the support system for the lawful restraint contains the private details of the employers business goodwill and other employee of the business. It must be taken into account that the employees information of private details and business secret is totally different from general details and the skills with which they work. According to the Australian court a clause which limits the employee to create his own business which is in the competition with their employers business will be for the duration between 3 to 12 months (Workwise 2015) Further it is necessary to include restrictive clause in contract of employment as there be integral security in order to protect the private information of the employers business because in the absence of restrictive law in the contract an employee can easily misuse the private information for their benefit. Hence if an employer wants to secure their business then such employer has to create a reasonable limitation in employment of contract thus it is lawful as well ethical to include restrictive clause in the employment contract to restrict the employment from taking any action which might be harmful for employers business. In order to determine that particular the reasonability of the limitation clause some factor should be taken into account the first factor is to d etermine whether such restriction clause in employment contract is reasonable that is to see the need of such clause as it is necessary to protect the good will of business and responsibility to include this impose upon the employer. Thus limitation clause in the contract is not introduced to defend the employers business from healthy competition from ex-employee (Anderw Jewell. 2017). This permits any ex-employee to use knowledge in a healthy way for his own business which he learnt in the time period of his services with his employer. Other important element which can be considered in recognizing a valid restraint of trade provision contains time period for such restriction, the territory in which employee may set his business, the possibility of the action being limited, etc.no actual rules that what is reasonable in limitation clauses is does not exist its depend on cases matters. Further breaking restriction of trade provision is mainly a breaking of a contract. But if the court recognized that such provision was not reasonable and there was no need of imposing such clause on employee then court will considered it unlawful and void and such clause will not bound the employee. Though, if the court finds that such limitation clause is necessary in order to protect employers business from the damage and its reasonable then such employee can be set to have committed breach of contract. And will order to give damages in the case of Ross and Anor v ICETV(2010) NSWCA 272, the court held that the employees were responsible to breach the limitation clause as such clauses were reasonable and they were ordered to give compensation to previous employers for the damages. Certain clauses are mentioned in this way that they offers to employee many options like time period, geographic area and type of the behavior to be limited these clauses generally mentioned in the cascad ing restraint clause the employer get benefit from these clause that the court at the time of decision considered them reasonable as within the choice to enforce unlike to single limitation clause which usually considered void and left the employer without protection for their business. In the case of OAMPS Insurance brokers Ltd v Hanna [2010] NSWCA 781 the court held that such clauses are lawful if they are reasonably imposed on employees. Yet another theory utilitarianism which supports free trade practices according to utilitarian perspective the free trade is greatest policy by which all employers as well as employee get the benefit in business. This theory provides vast majority advantages to all people. According to this theory the unrestrictive free trade is a best policy which protects individuals. Further it must be observed that in order to impose the restriction on employee not to establish the business against the employers business should be reasonable and it should be for the fixed time period after his resignation from such company so employee can established his own business in order to earn money and does not face the unemployment after the resigning from such company. Also there should be legitimate cause for such restrain over employees. In the case Buckley v Tutty [1971] 125 CLR 353 at 380 the court held that Unreasonable restraints are not enforceable in the eye of law in which the employee is unreasonably prevented from creating his own business. It is violating to the public welfare. Epichealth Pty Ltd v Peng-Kung Yang [2015] VSC 516 in this case court held that limitation clause will not prevent the employee to create the his own business if its not reasonable. A restrictive trade clause will be considered valid it is necessary to protect the good will of business and reasonable Hence It can be concluded for the determine the fact weather restrictive employment agreement is lawful and ethical the law should considered these three ethics of business deontology which direct the person to comply with their duty so all the employee and employer should abide by their duty else they can be penalized. Ethical egoism in which any person take an action for the business interest it can be considered as ethical so imposing the limitation clause on employee is ethical for benefit of the business and at last utilitarianism which support the free trade policy by which every person will get benefits in business it the only theory which does not breach individual rights hence restriction of trade is ethical and lawful but such limitation should be reasonable and also for the interest of the business. Bibliography Anderw Jewell. 2017. Restraints of Trade: non-compete clauses, are they reasonable?. https://insightsresources.seek.com.au/restraints-trade-non-compete-clauses-reasonable Buckley v Tutty [1971] 125 CLR 353 at 380 Chamberlains. 2016. Restraint of trade clause in employment contracts. https://www.chamberlains.com.au/restraint-of-trade-clauses-in-employment-contracts/ Epichealth Pty Ltd v Peng-Kung Yang [2015] VSC 516 Fare work center. Restraints of trade- A Summary. https://www.fairworkcentre.com.au/newsblog/Employer-Tips/Restraints-of-Trade---A-Summary/ International Comparative Legal Guides. 2017. Employment Labour Law 2017. https://iclg.com/practice-areas/employment-and-labour-law/employment-and-labour-law-2017/australia OAMPS Insurance brokers Ltd v Hanna [2010] NSWCA 781 Osborn Law. 2015. Restraint of trade. https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=7cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwiy5JLfoLjWAhUBLY8KHXMFAfUQFghIMAYurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osbornlaw.com.au%2Frestraint-of-trade%2Fusg=AFQjCNHrzS9VPkYg-kIz_HIJ540JlOdYgA Ross and Anor v ICETV(2010) NSWCA 272 Workwise. 2015. Post Employment Restraint Update. https://workwiseadvisory.com.au/post-employment-restraint-update/